車用晶片之亂難彌平 晶圓代工為難、IC設 - 汽車
By Sarah
at 2021-02-01T18:29
at 2021-02-01T18:29
Table of Contents
作者: okbom (我是起點 還是終點?) 看板: Stock
標題: [新聞] 車用晶片之亂難彌平 晶圓代工為難、IC設
時間: Mon Feb 1 16:11:07 2021
1.原文連結:
https://reurl.cc/L0pv3x
2.原文內容:
車用晶片之亂難彌平 晶圓代工為難、IC設計小廠跳腳
繼德國政府罕見致函政府,希望取得台積電足夠產能,為德國汽車產業解決晶片缺貨問題
後,傳出美國政府官員4日也將與政府及台積電等廠會面,希望可提高對美國車廠的晶片
供應。對此半導體業者表示,經濟部長王美花表示日前與台廠開會已取得共識,將透過優
化產線、延遲其他客戶訂單、供給率提高等三個方法,優先供貨給車用電子客戶。
事實上,這侷限在既有已投片生產的車用客戶,新單受限認證與投片時程漫長,不可能在
1、2季就可馬上投入生產,台廠能幫得上忙的地方其實沒外界想像得大。車用供應鏈繁雜
且長,台廠在相關晶片代工比重亦不高,且先前是車用客戶無視警告砍單,欲解決車用晶
片大缺危機,應先從掌握8成車用半導體市場的英飛凌(Infineon)、恩智浦(NXP)等IDM大
廠與其他車鏈著手。
全球半導體產業鏈掀起缺貨、漲價潮,主要就是一開始2020年3月後反受疫情帶動的宅經
濟需求爆發,5G世代來臨與華為擴大拉貨力道,包括電源管理IC(PMIC)、面板驅動
IC(DDI)與感測器等各式晶片大增,然而8吋晶圓擴產有限,供需因此失衡,並擴及12吋廠
。
車用晶片缺貨危機近月來接連在在中國、日本與歐美市場開始爆發,衝擊多國汽車產業,
主因就是先前車用客戶因疫情衝擊銷售,大砍晶圓代工訂單,但第4季車用需求回溫,再
重新下單已來不及,晶圓產能早已被消費性電子等客戶索取一空,排隊人龍超乎想像,甚
至近期全數代工廠二度漲價,依舊擋不住訂單湧入。
由於毛利與訂單規模不及HPC、手機等消費性電子,車用晶片廠及生產停擺的車廠只能透
過政府之力,希望將缺貨問題由商業拉高層級至政經面,以期快速獲取產能。面對德國政
府壓力,經濟部也表示已與台積電等達成共識,業者也將透過三個方法努力增產。
對於三個方法共識,半導體業者表示,代工廠以超急件來為車用晶片硬擠出一點產能還是
可以,但其實助益不大,車用電子大多採用成熟製程,以台積電0.18微米製程、三層金屬
為例,光罩約20~30層,半天、一天就可以跑完一道光罩層,也就是1個月就可以生產。
但這侷限在已有合作的現有客戶,承接從其他廠來的訂單或是新單是不太可能,光是認證
時間太長,還是前置生產流程走完,恐怕也超過半年,一般來說車廠也不會冒險搶用。
以此來看,若台積電立即為手上既有車用客戶擴大產能支應,必定將排擠訂單規模小、無
議價能力的小型客戶,在優先順序下,資源分配將以蘋果(Apple)、超微(AMD)、高通
(Qualcomm)、博通(Boardcom)、聯發科與賽靈思(Xilinx)等大客戶優先。
此波車用晶片之亂,各國找上台廠,把缺貨危機指向台積電產能調配失當,其實也令業界
有些不解。除了車用客戶先砍單之外,車用半導體話語權與大宗產能掌握在IDM大廠,以
台積電來看,車用平台佔營收比重不到5%,世界先進也僅10%而已。
縱使台廠能滿足現有手上車用晶片客戶需求,但格芯(GlobalFoundries)、三星電子
(Samsung Electronics)與中芯也都有車用客戶,車用晶片缺貨問題不是台積電提供產能
就能一次解決。而台積電、聯電許諾欲擠出產能,坐立難安的就是已下單的小型IC設計業
者,恐遭延後生產計畫,可能因此錯過銷售旺季,此損失誰來負責?
值得注意的是,此波車用晶片缺貨又將台積電扯入話題中心,繼先前華為事件後,台積電
成為地緣政治家必爭之地的態勢完全顯現,台積電不再是單純為大家服務的晶圓代工廠,
獨佔技術龍頭地位使其難脫各國政經角力紛爭,華為禁制令、車用晶片之亂,接下來恐還
有更多複雜挑戰等著台積電如何圓融化解。
車板心得:
文中指出王美花部長出來幫忙喬晶圓代工插隊的事情,
反而對一些早先就下單的IC設計小廠是利空。
--
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我在[三峽/板橋] 宜竣中古車行的消費經驗
By Franklin
at 2021-02-01T10:45
at 2021-02-01T10:45